Double-acting fluid-pressure motor.



No. 662,056. Patented Nov. 2 0, |900. W. CHILTON.

DOUBLE ACTING FLUIOPRESSURE MOTOR.

(Application led Dec. 16, 1 899.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Shed I.

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, W..CHILTON. v DOUBLE ACTING FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR. (Applicazionmedne-1e, 1899.)

(No Model.)

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w. CHILTON.

DOUBLE ACTING FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR.

{Apphcation filed Dec. 16, 1899.)

A mliNE YS No. 662,056. Patented Nov.' 20, |900. w. cmLmN.

DUBLE ACTING FLUIU PRESSURE MJTR.

(Application mame. 10, 1899.) (No Modal.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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'UNITE STATES @Artnr Portion.

WILLIAM CHILTON, OF DUNDEE, SCOTLAND.

DOUBLE-ACTING FLUID-PRESSURE MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 662,056, dated November 20, 1900.

Application filed December 16, 1892. Serial No. 740,582. (No model.)

To all whom. t may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM CHILTON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, lately residing at Turvey, in the county of Bedford, England, but now at South St. Roques Works, Dundee, in the county of Foi-far, Scotland, have invented a certain new and uselullmprovernent in Double-Acting Fluid-Pressure Motors, such as Steam- Engines and the Like, (for which I have applied fora patent. in Great Britain, No. 11,013, bearing date May 26, 1899,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in double-acting Huid-pressure motors, such as steam-engines and the like, the object being to improve the working and simplify the construction of double-acting engines with a View of increasing their mechanical and thermal eiiciency.

The improvements relate to all of the following types ot' engines: simple high-pressure eugines,with one or more cylinders working on one or more cranks, compound engines and multiple-expansion engines, with two or more cylinders working on two or more cranks, and compound and multiple-expansion engines, with one or more sets of tandem cylinders working ou one or more sets of cranks. It is to be understood that when two or more than two cranks are used they may be placed at any desired angle the one to the other.

Referring to the drawings which form a part of this speciiication, Figure 1 is a vertical section showing the general arrangement of cylinders of a vertical tandem compound engine. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of samein a plane at right angles to that shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a half cross-section at B B, Fig. 2. Fig. eis a vertical section at O C, Fig. 6, showing the general arrangement of a Vertical compound engine with the cylinders arranged side by side. Fig. 5 is a cross-section at A A, Fig. 4, of same; and Fig. 6 is a vertical partsectional elevation on the line D D, Fig. 4.

In order to clearly show how my invention may be carried out, I will tirst describe my improvement as adapted to a vertical tandem compound engine with the cylinders arranged tandem wise, the high pressure above the low pressure and the two pistons conlinside.

nected somewhat in the usual way by means of piston-rods, cross-head, and connectingrod to the crank-pin, which is situated below the cylinders and is not shown in these particular dxawngs-'viz., Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The cylinders 1() and 11 are made with ceutral valves 12, 13, 14, aud 15, arranged concentrically with such cylinders,and the valves reciprocate vertically. The cylinders themselves arel preferably formed like simple cylindrical pipes, with-flanges at the top and bottom.

Starting my description with the top high-v pressure cylinder 10, it is formed, as previously described, like a cylindrical pipe, with top and bottom flanges. The piston 1G is of annular form, the outer cylindrical surface working, as usual,against the innersurface of the cylinder. The inner cylindrical surface of the piston, on the other hand, works on the outer surface of the cylindrical valve-liner 17, which is placed concentrically with the cylinder. The cylinder and the valve-liner are therefore like two pipes of different diameters, parallel to and concentric with one another, and the annular piston works inside of the one and outside of the other. The cylinder is bored out on the The valve-liner is turned round both on the inside and on the outside surfaces. The steam-distibution valves 12, 13, 14,and reciprocate up and down inside of the valve-liner. The top cylinder-cover 1S is made with a steam-space on the top and has a hole in the center which fits the outside of the valve'liner 17 in such a way as to be steam-tight. It also in the usual way is bolted down to the liange on the top of the cylinder. I have deemed it unnecessary 'to show such bolting. From this it will be seen that the liner 17 passes up through the cylinder-cover. Near the top of the cylindercover a series of ports 19 is formed in the Valve-liner, and these ports communicate with the annular space between the outer surface of the cylindrical valve-liner and the inner surface of the cylinder. Such ports are so placed that when the annular piston 16 is at the top of its stroke they are not entirely covered by it, and steam passing through these ports can act on the upper side of the piston. A short distance above this first se- IOO ries of ports there is another set 20, which communicates with the steam space 1S, formed, as previously described, in the top of the cylinder-cover. This steamspace in the case of the high-pressure cylinder is supplied with steam from the boiler by means of the pipe 21. An annular piston-valve 12 is arranged over these ports in such a manner that in reciprocating it distributes the steam to the top part of the high-pressure cylinder. This piston-valve is in shape like an ordinary hollow piston'valve turned at each end to lit the liner and having an annular space 22 between the two ends, which for the sake of perspicuity will be termed the waist of the valve. Such valve may be made with packingrings, if desirable. 'lhe valve is made sulficientlylarge in diameter to allow the exhauststeam to pass through the center. The steam from the boiler passes through the steamspace in the top of the cylinder-cover described above, from thence it passes through the top set of ports 20 in the liner into the annular space contained by the waist of the pistonwalve and the valve-liner, and from this space it is passed through the bottom set of ports 19 into the top of the high-pressure cylinder, as indicated by the arrows. This is done while the valve moves, say, downward. When the valve is carried upward by the valve-gear, (not shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) the lap portion of the Valve uncovers the bottom set of ports 19 on the lower side, allowing the steam after having done its work to exhaust into the space 23. The bottom high-pressure-cylinder cover 24 also forms the top cover of the low-pressure cylinder 11 and is made with two spaces 25 and 26, one above the other, instead of with only one, as in the case of the 'top high-pressure-cylinder cover. The valve-liner at the bottom end has two sets of ports 27 and 28, one above the other, like those at the top end of the high-pressure cylinder. Inn this case, however, the top set 27 communicates with the bottom end oi' the high-pressure cylinder 10 and the bottom set 2S with the upper one 25 of the two spaces in the bottom high-pressure'cylinder cover 24. The steam is distributed by means of a circular valve 13, similar to the one working at the top `end of the valve liner. The steam in this case also passes from the top space 25 in the bottom high-pressure-cylinder cover through the bottom set ot' ports 28 into the waist of the bottom valve and is passed through the ports 27 into the bottom end of the high-pressure cylinder, say, during the upward travel of the valve 13, while during the downward travel the steam is exhausted over the top lap of the valve into the spaces 23 and 26. Steam is supplied from the boiler to the top space 25 in the bottom highpressure-cylinder cover as well as to the steam-space 18 in the top high-pressure-cylinder cover, and these two spaces-viz., 1S and 25-com1nunicate with one another by means of a pipe or passage21.

This pipe may either be separate from the cylinder, as shown, or it may be formed as a separate passage cast on or otherwise made in any convenient manner. The exhauststeam from both the top end and the bottom end of the high-pressure cylinder 10 passes downward and through the center of the bottom valve 13. Now all the exhaust-steam-of the high-pressure cylinder in passing downward passes into the bottom one 2b of the two spaces of the bottom high-pressurecylinder cover.

The low-pressure cylinder 11 is made very 4much in the same way as the high-pressure cylinder 10. The top cover 24 of the lowpressure cylinder is formed, as already described, in one with the bottom cover of the higlrpressure cylinder. There is also a bottom cover 29 to the low-pressure cylinder, which is made with two spaces-wiz., 30 and 31-one above the other. The lower space 26 in the top lowpressure-cylinder cover communicates with the top space 30 of the bortom low-pressurelcylinder cover by means of a pipe 32, which may be either a separate pipe, shown, or a passage cast on the cylinder, as described above iu the case of the high-pressure cylinder. It is to be understood, therefore, thatthe exhaust-steam from the high-pressure cylinder can find its way into the lower space 26 of the top low-pres Sure-cylinder cover and lfrom thence through the pipe or passage 32 into the top space 30 of the bottom low-pressure-cylinder cover. 33 is the final exhaust-pipe, and 34 is a closed non-conducting air-space placed between the inlet steam-space 30 and exhaust steam-space 3l. In the case of such tandem compound cylinders the valve-liner 37, inside the lowpressure cylinder 11, has preferably only one set of ports 3S at the top end, but has two sets of ports 39 and 40, one above the other, like those in the high-pressure liner, at-the bottom end. The ports `at the top of the lowpressure-valve liner communicate with the top part of the low-pressure piston, and thetop part of the `low-pressure distribution-valve 14 is preferably unlike the valves of thehighpressure cylinder and is made more like a piston, and in moving downward uncovers the top ports 38, communicatingwith the top part of the low-pressure cylinder, and allows the steam which has been exhausted from `the high-pressure cylinder to enter the top end of the low-pressure cylinder. On the upward travel it allows the steam from the top end of the low-pressure cylinder to be exhausted on the under side of this piston-valve into the interior 41 of the low-pressure-valve liner. The bottom part of the low-pressure valve 15 is made like the "valves of the high-pressure cylinder. A portion of the exhaust-steam from the high-pressure cylinder finds its way into the upper one 30 of thetwo spaces formed in the lbottom low-pressure-cylinder cover. From this space it passes through the bottom set 40 of the two sets of portsinto the annular IOO IIO

waist of the valve 15. During the upward travel of the valve the steam passes from this annular waist through the upper set of ports 59 into the bottom of the low-pressu re cylinder 1l, and during the downward travel of the valve the steam is exhausted over the top lap of such valve. Here again it will be understood that the exhaust-steam of both ends of the low-pressure cylinder has to pass through the center of the bottom part of the low-pressure valve. After finally passing through the center of this valve the final exhaust-steam finds its way to the lower one 5l of the two working spaces formed in the bottom lowpressure-cylinder cover, and from this space it is taken either to the atmosphere or to the condenser. In some cases the passage of the steam through the valves may be arranged to take place in the reverse way to that described above.

Two piston-rods 36 connect the low-pressure piston 42 to the cross-head, and two rods also connect the high-pressure piston 1G to the low-pressure pistou. The cross-head I prefer to use is circular in form. This crosshead carries the cross-head pin, which is connected to the crank by means of a connecting-rod of the usual type.

The steam-distribution valves are driven in the usual way by eccentrics and gear or by levers and links from the connecting-rod or by eccentrics worked from a fly-wheel governor-that is to say, the cut-off of the valve is determined by the speed of the engine in the usual way.

Having described a tandemcompound engine working on one crank, I will now show how the different combinations of cylinders can be arranged to form engines of the various types already referred to.

Two, three, or more sets of tandem compound engines, as described above, may be arranged side by side, working on two or more crank-pins. Instead of arranging the high and low pressure cylinders one above the other to form a tandem engine I can arrange them side by side, as illustrated by Figs/4, 5, and 6, the high-pressure piston 16 being connected to one crank 43 and the low-pressure piston 42 to a second crank 44, thus forming what is usually called a twin compound side-by-side engine. In this case the valves 45 and l5 of the low-pressure cylinder ll may be made similar to those of the highpressure cylinder l() or as those already described for the low-pressure cylinder in the tandem engine-viz., 14 and l5. The cylinders are connected by the necessary steam pipes or passages in any convenient way. For example, and with reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6, the steam operates the high-pressure pistol-1 lo' in a manner similar to that previously described in connection with the tandem engine, exhausting through the center of the lower valve 13 into the space 46, from which it is distributed to the top and bottom sides of the low-pressure piston 42, the steam used on the top side of the piston being passed through the pipe 32. The eXhaust-steam,as in the case of the tandem engine, passes through the center of the lower valve l5 into the exhaust-space 3l. The piston-rods 47 and 48 are respectively coupled to their circular cross-heads 49 and 50. 5l represents'the eccentrics; 52, the connecting-rods; 53,the main bearings; 54, the fly-wheel, and the centrifugal governor by means of which the throttle-valve 56 is actuated. As all these parts are commonly used in connection with ordinary engines, l deem it superuous to enter into their detailed description, and consequently only casually refer to them.

In the case of the tandem engine I can place a third cylinder above the other two, and thus form a triple-expansion tandem engine. Again, I can arrange the cylinders in a three-crank triple engine as follows: The high-pressure cylinder may be placed above the intermediate-pressore cylinder and these two tandem cylinders may be connected to one of the cranks, as described in the case of the tandem engine. At the same time I may place a low-pressure cylinder above each of the other cranks, these two low-pressure cylinders being preferably of the same size. Such an arrangement would form a triple-expansion engine having four cylinders-viz., one high-pressure cylinder, one intermediatepressure cylinder, and two low-pressure cylinders. f

When describing the construction of the cylinders, covers, and liners, I have indicated that they are separate castings which` are bolted together after being machined. Instead of constructing them in this way I can make them as follows: In any cylinder, whether high or low pressure, the cylinder proper, the bottom cover, and the valve-liner may be cast in one piece, or the cylinder and the bottom cover may be in one piece and the valve-liner in another, or the valve-liner and the bottom cover may be in one piece and the cylinderin another; also, the covers, whether top or bottom, may be made separately or in one or more pieces. The cylinders may or may not be jacketed.

Although I have described several arrangements of cylinders and their appurtenances to show that they readily lend themselves to various useful combinations, yet I do not intend to limit myself wholly to these nor even to the exact methods referred to, as it is obvious that such combinations and methods may be altered in various ways without departing from the nature and purpose of my invention. f

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an engine, the combination of high and low pressure cylinders, placed tandemwise, each having an annular' piston therein, with two central valve-cases, o ne in each cylinder and extending through their respective IOO IIO

pistons and provided with admission and exhaust ports at either end, four central concentric piston-Valves in said cases, two in each, and means for operating said Valves, the said ports being so arranged that the mo tive fluid is admitted, cut off or exhausted valternately at eitherend of the high-presso re cylinder, such exhausted motive fluid then being passed and admitted to either end alternately of the low-pressure cylinder, cnt ofi? and exhausted, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In an engine, the combination of high and low pressure cylinders, each having an annularpiston therein, with two or more central valve-cases, one in each cylinder and extending through their respective pistons and provided with admission and exhaust ports at either end, Iwo or more central concentric piston-valves in said cases and means for operating said valves, the said ports being so arranged that the motive fluid is admitted, cut 0H or exhausted alternately at either end of the highp ressu re cylinder, such exhausted motive fluid then being passed and admitted t0 either end alternately of the low-pressure cylinder, cut od and exhausted and from thence passed to the next low-pressure cylin; der and soon, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. p

3. In an engine, the combination of high and low pressure cylinders, placed side by side, each having an annular piston therein with two central valve-cases, one in each cylinder and extending through their respective pistons and provided with admission and ex haust ports at either end, four central con centric piston-valves in said cases, two in each, and means for operating said valves, the said ports being so arranged that themetive Iinid is admitted, cut olf or exhausted alternately at either end of the high-pressure cylinder, such exhausted motive fluid then being passed and admitted to either end alternately 'of the low-pressure cylinder, cut off and exhausted, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two Witnesses.

VVILLIALWI CHILTON.

/Vitnesses:

GEORGE CAMERON DOUGLAS, J EssIE CLARKE SHEPHERD. 

